Each year she leaves the UK for the Antarctic laden with supplies for British Antarctic and sub-Antarctic bases. Few could hear Ross’s calm commands in the chaos, but his do-or-die tactic was successful and Erebus joined Terror in the shelter of the iceberg. She stays in the southern ocean for the austral summer carrying out oceanographic and biological survey work in … Proceeding southeast with the fading hope of finding a seaway to the Magnetic Pole, they had already passed Cook’s furthest south on 11 January and passed Weddell’s 74°15´S on 22 January, when they reached 74°20´S and celebrated with a double ration of rum. Erebus was almost completely incapacitated and destruction against the iceberg seemed inevitable. Jules-Sébastien-César Dumont d’Urville’s French expedition of 1837–40 discovered Adélie Land and later claimed it for France.…, …1843, the British rear admiral James Ross, in command of the ships, …by the British polar explorer James Clark Ross, rises in places to 160 or 200 feet (50 or 60 m) high and stretches about 500 miles (800 km) between fixed “anchor points” on Ross Island to the west and the jutting Edward VII Peninsula on the east. Franklin’s disappearance was a big news story at the time and the Admiralty offered sizeable rewards for anyone who could rescue him, the ships or discover the Northwest Passage. The Ross Sea takes its name from Sir James Clark Ross who discovered it in 1841. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The young botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker made his name on the expedition. James Clark Ross was a true polar explorer having made four trips to the Arctic, wintering over twice and finding the North Magnetic Pole. Decades later Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen wrote: “These men sailed right into the heart of the pack … It is not merely difficult to grasp this; it is simply impossible—to us, who with a motion of the hand can set the screw going, and wriggle out of the first difficulty we encounter. He discovered the North Magnetic Pole in 1831 before going on to make three voyages to Antarctica. The ELEANOR BOLLING arrived at Dunedin on November 18 and soon left for Wellington to pick up the supplies left there by the C.A. Coincidentally they again crossed the Antarctic Circle on New Year’s Day, but this time both ships were locked in pack ice. It explored what is now called the Ross Sea and discovered the Ross Ice Shelf. Arctic explorer. He was also reckoned by some to be the most handsome officer in the Royal Navy. The James Clark Ross was built at Swan Hunters shipyard Newcastle-Upon-Tyne and launched on the 1st of December 1990. James Clark Ross’ father, a London businessman, came from an eminent Wigtownshire family and was an older brother of Sir John Ross*, the distinguished Arctic explorer.James’ early life came under his uncle’s influence. LARSEN arrived in Wellington on November 5, unloaded the men and supplies, and then embarked on a whaling mission. Subscribe to the Antarctic Guide newsletter. Visit our Antarctic travel guide. Ross’s party could congratulate themselves. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ROSS, Sir JAMES CLARK, explorer; b. The ships remained trapped as the ice drifted north, and on 19 January 1842 a gale ground the ice against the ships, smashing their rudders. An ice floe between the two ships became a dance floor to celebrate the holiday in style. Arriving in Hobart Town in August 1840, Ross received permission from the Governor of Van Diemen’s Land to build the observatory “Rossbank” on a hill above the town. The voyage south the following summer is better known for its tribulations and celebrations than for any ground-breaking achievements. The voyage was completed after four years and five months at sea. This (and his Byronic appearance) won him great popular acclaim in Britain. What is the difference between the poles? Byrd Antarctic Expedition I 1928-1930. Sailing 390 nautical miles (720 km) eastward they finally found a bay in the Barrier that a crewman described as the “most rare and magnificent sight that ever the human eye witnessed.”. Trivia [edit | edit source] Both Crozier and Ross had been to Antarctica on the same expedition. They penetrated the ice belt as far south as latitude 78°9'30" in January 1841, reaching open water and discovering the Ross Sea. Christmas 1842 was the ships’ third one surrounded by ice as they approached the Antarctic Peninsula on their last southward voyage. He calculated that the Magnetic Pole was only 800 kilometers (500 miles) away, but clearly there was no direct sea route. He made his first voyage to the Arctic in Ross described how: “the ship was immediately hauled to the wind on the port tack … But just at this moment the Terror was observed running down upon us, under her top-sails and foresail; and as it was impossible for her to clear both the berg and the Erebus, collision was inevitable … Our bowsprit, foretopmast, and other smaller spars, were   carried away, and the ships hanging together, entangled by their rigging, and dashing against each other with fearful violence, were falling down upon the weather face of the lofty berg under our lee, against which the waves were breaking and foaming to near the summit of its perpendicular cliffs.” Half-naked seamen roused from sleep struggled desperately while Ross, according to various officers, “calmly gave the order to loose the sail … as if he were steering into any harbour.”. 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