However, when he is caught making plans for a coup, she has him executed. [52], Elizabeth's foreign policy was largely defensive. Although she received many offers for her hand, she never married and was childless; the reasons for this are not clear. [33] Elizabeth was brought to court, and interrogated regarding her role, and on 18 March, she was imprisoned in the Tower of London. Her mother was Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn. Her half-brother, Edward VI, ruled until his death in 1553, bequeathing the crown to Lady Jane Grey and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters, the Roman Catholic Mary and the younger Elizabeth, in spite of statute law to the contrary. All public officials were to swear an oath of loyalty to the monarch as the supreme governor or risk disqualification from office; the heresy laws were repealed, to avoid a repeat of the persecution of dissenters practised by Mary. For example, C. H. Wilson castigates Elizabeth for half-heartedness in the war against Spain. [194] In February 1601, the earl tried to raise a rebellion in London. The episode ends with William Cecil's son, Robert, preparing for the accession of Elizabeth's successor, James I. In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and half-siblings had been. The second episode shows Elizabeth from several months to a year after her coronation, establishing herself as Queen, to the emergence of Mary, Queen of Scots, as her political rival. Under Grindal, a talented and skilful tutor, she also progressed in French and Greek. They are all resource management games where the [110] Many suffered execution, engendering a cult of martyrdom. The score won an Ivor Novello Award for "Best Television soundtrack" on 24 May 2007. He finally remarried in 1578, to which the queen reacted with repeated scenes of displeasure and lifelong hatred towards his wife, Lettice Knollys. [161], Diplomatic relations were also established with the Ottoman Empire with the chartering of the Levant Company and the dispatch of the first English ambassador to the Porte, William Harborne, in 1578. The episode also depicts the legend of Elizabeth being told she is Queen of England under an oak tree, depicted as being in Woodstock but which in reality is claimed to have occurred at Hatfield House, and her utterance of the quote "This is the work of the Lord, and it is marvellous in our eyes...". [238] In a prayer, she offered thanks to God that: [At a time] when wars and seditions with grievous persecutions have vexed almost all kings and countries round about me, my reign hath been peacable, and my realm a receptacle to thy afflicted Church. Elizabeth was placed in his household and carried the chrisom, or baptismal cloth, at his christening. Twice she accompanied him in tickling Elizabeth, and once held her while he cut her black gown "into a thousand pieces". Crowds cheered her all along the way. Elizabeth and her advisers perceived the threat of a Catholic crusade against heretical England. In the words of the chronicler John Stow: Westminster was surcharged with multitudes of all sorts of people in their streets, houses, windows, leads and gutters, that came out to see the obsequy, and when they beheld her statue lying upon the coffin, there was such a general sighing, groaning and weeping as the like hath not been seen or known in the memory of man. But her Majesty did all by halves, and by petty invasions taught the Spaniard how to defend himself, and to see his own weakness. This paid off in the war against Spain, 80% of which was fought at sea. [170][171], One of the causes for this "second reign" of Elizabeth, as it is sometimes called,[172] was the changed character of Elizabeth's governing body, the privy council in the 1590s. Some historians have called her lucky;[232] she believed that God was protecting her. 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